These were drawing on explicit facial traits, using the leader's non-facial traits and general appearance, and telling stories about the leader. The focus group revealed three strategies that were used when placing these attributions on a leader. The survey revealed that perceived leadership effectiveness was positively correlated to perceived extraversion, agreeableness, openness, conscientiousness, and narcissism. Findings – The study demonstrated that the vast majority of the participants actively used the face to attribute personality traits of the leaders as well as their ability to lead. In the survey, respondents were asked to rate the photographic images of ten CEOs for personality traits and leadership effectiveness that were apparent in the face in the focus group, they were asked to reflect upon the processes they had utilized in order to make their attributions. Design/methodology/approach – A mixed methodology approach is taken which combines an individual survey with a follow-up focus group conducted with five classes of MBA students. Purpose – The paper aims to explore the processes by which individuals make attributions about a leader's personality and effectiveness based upon information contained within a photograph of a leader's face.
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